云南野生土荆芥挥发油的化学成分及其抑菌活性的研究

Chemical constituents and anti-microbial activities of essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. from Kunming Yunnan

目的探讨云南野生土荆芥挥发油的化学成分及对细菌和真菌的抑菌作用。方法用水蒸气蒸馏的方法提取土荆芥的挥发油,GC-MS法测定挥发油的化学成分;用抑菌圈法和抑制菌丝生长速率法研究土荆芥地上部分挥发油对铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、普通变形杆菌和大肠杆菌5种细菌及对尖孢炭疽菌、多主棒孢霉、尖孢镰刀菌、腐皮镰刀菌和可可葡萄座腔菌5种真菌的抑制作用。结果从土荆芥挥发油中共检测出34种化合物,其中相对含量较高的有:α-松油烯(35. 21%)、甲酸松油酯(33. 82%)和对聚伞花素(18. 46%)等;土荆芥挥发油对枯草芽孢杆菌、普通变形杆菌和大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度均为15μl/ml,对铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌没有抑菌作用;对尖孢炭疽菌、多主棒孢霉、尖孢镰刀菌、腐皮镰刀菌和可可葡萄座腔菌的EC50分别为40. 83μl/ml、3. 17μl/ml、2. 85μl/ml、2. 33μl/ml、1. 35μl/ml。结论云南野生土荆芥挥发油的主要成分为α-松油烯、甲酸松油酯和对聚伞花素;挥发油对5种细菌中的3种细菌有抑菌活性,对5种真菌均有不同程度的抑菌活性。

Objective The chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. were studied. Methods Essential oil of C. ambrosioides were extracted by steam distillation, and identified by GC - MS. The inhibition zone method and hypha growth - inhibiting were used to investigate the inhibition effects of essential oil from the aerial part of C. ambrosioides on five species bacteria of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaffs, Escheffchia coli and plant pathogenic fungi of Colletotrichum acutatum, Corynespora cassiicola, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusurium solani, Botryosphaeria rhodina. Results The results showed that 34 compounds were detected from essential oil of C. ambrosioides. The main chemical constituents of essential oil were α - terpinene （35.21% ） , terpinyl formate （33.82%） , and p - cymene （18.46%） etc. The minimal inhibitory concentration of B. subtilis, P. vulgaris, and E. coil were 15 μl/ml respectively. The EC50 value of C. acutatum, C. cassiicola, F. oxysporum, F. solani and B. rhodina were 40. 83μl/ml, 3. 17μl/ml, 2.85μl/ml, 2.33μl/ml, 1.35μl/ml respectively. Conclusion The main chemical constituents of essential oil were α -terpinene, terpinyl formate, and p - cymene. Essential oil of C. ambrosioides L. had some anti - microbial effect to the three species bacteria and five species fungi.