中国企业出口优势升级路径及其影响机制——以通讯设备制造业为例

Upgrading Path and Influence Mechanism of Export Advantages of China's Enterprises:The Case of Communication Equipment Manufacturing Industry

文章基于异质企业贸易理论构建产品质量和价格双重维度的企业出口优势指标,利用通讯设备制造业全球贸易数据,运用多元Ordered Logit计量模型,考察企业生产率和出口目的国质量偏好对中国企业出口优势选择的影响机制。结果显示:随着生产效率的提升,企业选择价格优势的可能性提高,从价格优势向质量优势转变的可能性降低。随着目的国市场质量偏好的提升,企业选择价格优势的可能性降低,从价格优势向质量优势转变的可能性升高。研究结果表明当市场需求偏好无差异时,高生产率的中国企业更倾向于采用传统的价格竞争策略。当市场需求偏好存在差异时,目的国高质量偏好会倒逼企业从价格优势向质量优势转变。

By applying the trade theory of heterogeneous firms, this paper constructs a dual-dimension index of the enterprise export advantage, which include product quality and price. Based on the global trade data of the communication equipment manufacturing industry,the paper empirically studies the determinants of export advantage choice of China＇s enterprises by adopting the econometric model of ordered logit. The results show that the enterprise export strategy is influenced by two factors, namely the enterprise productivity and the quality preference of the destination market. As the enterprise productivity increases, the probability of the enterprise to choose the price advantage increases as well, but the probability of the transformation from price advantage to quality advantage decreases. As the quality preference of the destination market increases, the probability of the enterprise to choose the price advantage decreases, but the probability of the transformation from price advantage to quality advantage increases instead. The results indicate that in a market with undifferentiated demand preference, the traditional enterprises with higher productivity are more likely to adopt the traditional price competitive strategy but in a market with different demand preferences, the quality preference of the destination country will drive the enterprises to transform from the price advantage to the quality advantage.