文化差异影响农产品贸易吗——基于“一带一路”沿线国家的考察

Does Cultural Difference Influence Agricultural Product Trade A Research Based on the Countries along the Belt and Road

文章从文化差异视角分析中国与"一带一路"沿线国家农产品贸易的影响因素,发现文化差异通过作用于对农产品的需求偏好和交易成本带来了外来者优势和外来者劣势,对双边农产品贸易具有深刻影响。之后从统计角度分析44个沿线样本国农产品贸易在比较优势和贸易结构等多个方面的特征,使用遗传距离测算并量化了文化差异程度。实证检验发现传统研究强调的地理距离和经济差异是农产品贸易开展的阻力因素,制度质量、汇率水平、经济自由度和移民网络则是促进因素。本研究关注的文化差异会抑制农产品贸易的开展,但对与欧洲样本国的农产品贸易具有一定的促进作用,总体而言对第二类和第三类农产品贸易的影响最为显著。"一带一路"倡议的实施对促进中国与沿线国家农产品贸易起到了显著的推动作用。因此,在"一带一路"背景下需同时关注传统因素和文化差异因素对农产品贸易的影响,文末据此提出政策建议。

This paper analyzes the influence factors of agricultural product trade between China and the countries along the Belt and Road（BR） from the perspective of cultural difference. It is found that by affecting the demand preferences for agricultural products and transaction costs, cultural difference brings the advantages and disadvantages of the outsiders which have a profound impact on bilateral agricultural product trade. Then, from the statistical point of view, the characteristics of agricultural product trade in 44 sample countries, such as comparative advantage and trade structure, are analyzed and the index of genetic distance is applied to quantify the degree of cultural difference. The empirical test shows the geographical distance and economic difference which are emphasized in the traditional research become the resistance factors of the development of agricultural product trade while the institutional quality, exchange rate level, economic freedom and immigration network are the contributing factors. The cultural difference which is the focus of this research will inhibit the development of agricultural product trade, but it exerts a positive effect on the trade in European countries. In general, the second and third categories of agricultural product trade are influenced by cultural difference most significantly. The implementation of the Belt and Road initiative plays a remarkable role in promoting bilateral agricultural product trade between China and the countries along BR. Therefore, we should pay close attention to the impacts of traditional factors and cultural difference on agricultural product trade under the Belt and Road background. Policy suggestions are put forward at the end of the paper.