讯问录音录像的功能定位:从自律工具到最佳证据

On the Functional Orientation of Audio-video Recording of Interrogation:from Self-discipline Tool to Best Evidence

我国对讯问录音录像的功能进行了人为限制,其实质上被定位为侦查机关的自律工具。讯问录音录像的表层目的是防止刑讯逼供,深层目的则为防止虚假供述酿成错案。自律工具的定位使讯问录音录像对可能酿成错案的多种因素规制乏力;实践中其功能也从"权力控制"异化为"权力保障",形成了逻辑悖论。讯问录音录像有成为证明讯问事项最佳证据的潜力。我国应以防范虚假供述作为其核心目的,其功能应定位为诉讼证据。讯问录音录像要成为最佳证据,应重点解决以下问题:将引诱、欺骗讯问方法适度合法化;不同类型案件中区别对待全程录音录像;差异化地随案移送;确保辩方可便捷地利用录音录像;以推定机制促进全程录音录像和随案移送。

The function of audio-visual records system of interrogation in China has been restricted artificially,which is essentially regarded as a self-discipline tool for the investigation organ.The ostensible purpose of audio-video recording is to prevent torture,while the deep purpose aims at preventing misjudged cases caused by false confession.The orientation as self-discipline tool makes audio-video recording weak in regulation on various factors which may cause misjudged case;in the meantime,its function dissimilate from"power control"to"power guarantee"in practice,which forms logical paradox.Audio-video recording has the potential of becoming the best evidence to prove interrogation matters.We should treat the prevention of false confession as its core purpose and transform its function to litigation evidence.To make audio-video recording become best evidence,the following problems should be solved:moderate legalization of collecting the defendant's states by seducing or cheating;treating the synchronized audio-video recordings differently in different types of cases;differentiation in transferring with the cases;ensuring that the defense can use the audios and videos conveniently;promoting the synchronized audio-video recording and transferring with the cases by advancing system.