盐碱地大棚番茄膜下滴灌节水试验研究

Experimental Study on Water Saving of Drip Irrigation Under Film for Tomato in Greenhouse of Saline-alkali Soil

为了研究不同灌水方式对盐碱地大棚番茄生长状况、土壤水盐状况、耗水量、产量及灌水利用效率的影响,以番茄为试材,进行了田间小区试验。结果表明,膜下滴灌和沟灌都会影响土壤表层0~30 cm内的土壤电导率,除了膜下滴灌20~30 cm土层,其他的均低于土壤初始电导率。与沟灌相比,膜下滴灌可以提高番茄的株高和叶片数,促进番茄生长发育;其耗水量减少56.2%。与沟灌相比,膜下滴灌可节水64.2%,增加产量5.5 t/hm2,膜下滴灌的灌水利用效率是其2.8倍。综上所述,膜下滴灌可以增加番茄产量并且显著降低用水量,提高灌溉水利用效率,且不会造成土壤盐分的大量累积,可以在盐碱地推广应用。

In order to study the effects of different irrigation methods on tomato growth,soil water and salt conditions,water consumption,yield and water use efficiency in the greenhouse of saline-alkali soil,tomato was used as material,a field experiment was carried out. The results indicate that the soil conductivity of the soil surface in 0 ~ 30 cm is effected by the drip irrigation under film and the furrow irrigation;except for the 20 ~ 30 cm soil layer of drip irrigation under film,the soil conductivity in all the others were lower than the initial value;compared with furrow irrigation,drip irrigation under film can improve the plant height and the leaf number of tomato,and can promote tomato growth; the water consumption is decreased by 56.2%; compared with furrow irrigation,drip irrigation under film can save water by64.2% and increase yield by 5.5 t/hm2,and the water use efficiency of drip irrigation under film reaches 2.8 times. In a conclusion,the drip irrigation under film can increase tomato yield and reduce water consumption significantly,improve the water use efficiency,and will not cause a lot of soil salt accumulation. So it can be used in saline-alkali soil.