农民专业合作社的联合路径研究——基于联合社的多案例分析

The study of the united paths of farmer cooperatives based on a multi-case study

随着农民专业合作社联合社在农业现代化进程中的地位逐渐凸显,识别其联合路径对联合社的良性发展具有重要意义。基于系统理论框架,以"苏合"销售合作联社、"邓村绿茶"专业合作社联合社、黑龙江"龙联"联合社为案例,分析基于合作社服务功能系统的合作社联合路径,并探讨各联合路径的差异性和共性。结果表明,合作社之间的"二次合作"有助于激活组织间的互补和协同作用,打破原有合作社服务能力提升的禀赋约束,增加农民合作经济的效用;合作社的联合有同服务区位联合,服务系统内联合和跨服务系统联合3条联合路径;各路径之间没有优劣之分,但联合效用的充分发挥需要联合社对自身有清晰的定位,还需与成员能力相匹配,并且以完善的运营模式为保障。研究表明,不同的联合路径适用于不同规模的合作社。因此,对已具规模的合作社鼓励其结成战略联盟,对初具规模的合作社鼓励其进行同类产品的联合,对规模较小的合作社鼓励其进行专业性联合。

With the increasing roles of the united collaboration of farmer cooperatives during the process of agricultural modernization, it is of great significance to identify the united path for the benign development of the corporation. Based on the framework of system theory, taking the ＂Suhe＂ sales cooperation, the ＂Deng village＂ green tea corporation, and the ＂Longlian＂ corporation as examples, this paper analyzed the united paths of the cooperative service function system, and discussed the differences and similarities under different united paths. Results show that ＂further collaboration＂ between cooperatives will help to activate the complementarity and synergy among these cooperatives, to break the endowment constraints of the existing cooperative service ability, and to increase the utility of the cooperative economy of farmers. There are three kinds of united paths, including the service location, the service system, and the cross service system. Any single path has no advantages over the other, but the full play of the united utility needs to be a clear positioning to itself, and to match the members＇ ability and the perfect operation mode. In summary, different united paths apply to cooperatives of different sizes. This paper also provides the following policy suggestions： to encourage the strategic corporations for those relatively large cooperatives, to create product corporations for those middle sized cooperatives, and to build service corporations for those relatively small cooperatives.