稻谷商品化率与农药使用行为?——基于湖北省主要稻区的探析

Rice commercialization rate and pesticide application behaviors: Evidences from major rice areas in Hubei

伴随着农产品商品化率的提高,农户能够从农业生产中获得更高的经济附加值,但同时也催生了农业生产行为中的"一家两制"现象,即分别为市场交易与家庭需求满足采取差异化种植策略,这尤其体现在涉及人体和环境健康的农业投入品(如农药)决策上。本研究以商品化率为交易需求表征,利用湖北省稻农的问卷调查数据,采用logit模型,分析稻谷商品化率与农户农药使用行为之间的关系。结果表明,稻谷商品化率与农户的农药使用行为间存在显著的非线性关系;以商品化率75.5%为拐点,当商品化率低于75.5%时,伴随着商品化率的提高,农户会更加规范其农药使用行为;但一旦超过75.5%,农户反而倾向于不规范地使用农药,结果通过了稳健性检验;拐点前后行为改变现象产生的根源在于市场手段(即稻谷市场价格)未能发挥应有的作用。据此,应该注重防范由商品化率过高而带来农药不规范使用行为,构建行之有效的农产品甄选机制,提高农户规范使用农药的意识。

With the growth of the commercialization rate office, households can have higher income from agricultural production. However, it also induces the phenomenon of ＂one household two systems＂ that is employing different planting strategies respectively for the purposes of commercial sales and family use, especially in terms of pesticide application behaviors. Based on a survey data of 1 038 rice farmers from 10 major rice producing areas in Hubei Province in 2016, this paper empirically examined the relationship between the commercialization rate of rice and pesticide application behaviors of rice farmers by the logit model. Results indicate that there is a significant nonlinear relationship between the rice commercialization rate and pesticide application behaviors of rice farmers： with the 75.5% commercialization rate being an inflection point, when the commercialization rate is lower than 75.5%, farmers are more willing to standardize their pesticide application behaviors with the increasing of the commercialization rate; while farmers tend to apply pesticides irregularly when the rate exceeds 75.5%. The main reason of the behavioral discrepancy is the failure of market instrument （e.g. the market price of rice）. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the prevention of irregularly pesticide application behaviors that are caused by excessively high commercialization rates and how to build an effective agricultural product elimination mechanism to enhance farmers＇ awareness of applying pesticide in a proper and safe way.