中国政治行政体制改革四十年与公民权利保障

Forty Years of Political and Administrative Reform in China and the Protection of Civil Rights

在中国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展过程中,逐步确立了对各项个人权利的保护。确立个人权利对政府提出了三重义务要求:第一,采取积极行动保护个人权利不受侵犯;第二,为个人权利实现提供保障措施;第三,限制自身权力及其行使方式,尊重个人权利,不干涉和侵犯个人权利。中国政治和行政体制四十年来的改革适应了保障公民个人权利的需要。从管制型政府向管理-服务型政府转变,保障了个人权利的实现;扩大参政议政渠道,确立并保障了公民的知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权等政治权利;强化对政府行为的约束,预防和惩治了侵犯个人权利的滥用权力行为。

In the course of the establishment and development of China＇s socialist market economic system, the protection of individual rights has been gradually recognized. The recognition of individual rights requires three obligations from the government： first, taking active action to protect individual rights from infringement; second, providing safeguard measures for the realization of individual rights; third, its self-restraint of power and its way of exercise, respecting individual rights, and no interfering in and infringing on individual rights. The reform of China＇s political and administrative system in the past forty years has been adapted to the protection requirement of civil rights. The transformation from the control-oriented government to the management-type and service-oriented government has guaranteed the recognition of individual rights. The enhancement of the channels of political participation in public affairs has recognized and guaranteed the political rights of citizens, such as the right of information, participation, expression and supervision. The strengthening of restraints on government behavior has prevented and punished the abuse of power that might infringe on individual rights.