《红楼梦》涉“旧时真本”脂批考证

A Textual Research on the “Old Real Book” Version of A Dream of Red Mansions Annotated by Zhi Yanzhai

以文本互攻的方法,对涉及"旧时真本"的脂批进行个案研究,可以发现:相关署"己卯冬夜"的脂批应定为畸笏叟批语,并可证今存庚辰本批语应过录自畸笏叟私人的批评本。并由相关批语可知:畸笏叟对《红楼梦》"旧时真本"了解有限,故其不可能成为《红楼梦》的共同作者,其与曹雪芹的关系明显逊于脂砚斋。通过甲戌、庚辰本同批异名情况的考察,基本可认定若干批语当为畸笏叟所批,即今存甲戌本有过录庚辰本批语,并删没畸笏叟署名的现象。经过相关脂批的对读,梳理其中文本逻辑关系,除得出新的考据结论外,对"新红学"的基本假设与研究方法可以有更深入的批评反思。

By taking the approach of mutual criticism, we have done a case study about the＂Old Real Book＂（旧时真本）version of A Dream of Red Mansions annotated by Zhi Yanzhai（脂砚斋）. Our finding reveals that the annotation by Zhi with the signature＂Ji Mao Dong Ye＂（己卯冬夜） should be the comments by Ji Husou（畸笏叟）and the comments in the existing Gengchen version can prove to be copied from the private version commented by Ji Husou. From those related comments, it can be known that Ji Husou had limited knowledge about the＂Old Real Book＂version of A Dream of Red Mansions, therefore he could not be the co-author of A Dream on Red Mansions and his relationship with Cao Xueqin appeared not as close as Zhi Yanzhai. After reviewing the Jiawu version and the Gengchen verision, we find that the same comments in both are signed by two different authors, however, we can identify that Ji Husou should annotate many comments. That is to say, the current Jiawu Version has copied some comments from the Gengwu version with the signature of Ji Husou deleted. In addition to the new findings in the conclusion, a comparative examination on the version annotated by Zhi also helps to clarify the logic of its texts and rethink in depth the basic hypothesis and research approaches in＂the new studies on A Dream of Red Mansions＂.