医者仁术:传统中国医学医患关系内涵探析

Medicine as Humanity: Study on Background and Connotation of Doctor-patient Relationship in Traditional Chinese Medicine

中国传统医学模型认为疾病起源于关系和主体性的局部缺失,进而导致生命格局的偏离并以症状的方式表达出来。所以,这一模型对于医患关系的期待类型是医者仁术,医者仁术的内涵是,诊疗处境中的主体间互动及其处境外维系,也即患者的生命态度与生活处境被医家在诊疗当下以神交的方式了解并调整,同时,疗愈处境中建立的医患关系也因疗愈的过程性延伸和维系于医患处境之外,借由医家不在场的在场,其功能继续存在于病家恢复的进程中。医者仁术强调面对面的医疗处境以及主体间性的神交互动,会为当代医患关系建构提供更加符合本土价值期待的补充。

Traditional Chinese medical model argues that disease originates from the partial absence of relationship and subjectivity, which leads to the deviation of life pattern and the appearance of symptoms. There is no separation in terms of subject and object in a physician＇s diagnosing and treating of a patient, and the physician must involve himself with the patient＇s＂shen＂within its living situation and perceptual manifestations. Hence the treatment always requires a face-to-face presence of both the patient and physician as a perceiving subject, the non-detached attitude of the physicians from the patients explains why they always put themselves in a position where they can actually perceive and interact with the patient＇s＂shen＂, and this is the characteristic of traditional Chinese medicine doctor-patient relationship.This kind of relationship is defined as＂Medicine as Humanity＂. More attention to face-to-face situation and inter-subjective interaction will provide a useful supplement to the construction of contemporary doctor-patient relationship.