我国部分地区高硬度地下水的水质特征及其处理需求分析

Water Quality Characteristics of Groundwater with High Hardness in China and Its Treatment Requirement

利用现场调研和文献检索等手段调研了我国典型高硬度地下水分布区域的地下水中硬度含量及主要组成情况,并在此基础上分析了我国高硬度地下水处理的基本技术需求。结果表明,我国高硬度地下水分布广泛,总硬度普遍超过300 mg/L(以CaCO3计),且存在与氟化物、硫酸盐、砷、卤代烃等复合污染的可能;就硬度组分而言,我国地下水中的总硬度主体为碳酸盐硬度,比例约为60%～80%,而钙硬度含量又明显高于镁硬度,约占总硬度的70%以上。结合高硬度地下水水质特征和水厂对处理成本的需求,药剂软化法是针对我国大部分高硬度地下水进行处理的较适用技术,但需要进一步的改进和优化。

Field investigation and literature consulting were conducted to the contents and main components of groundwater in typical high hardness groundwater distribution areas in China, and the basic technical treatment requirement was analyzed. The results showed that the high hardness groundwater was widely distributed and most water＇ s total hardness were higher than 300 mg/L （CaCO3 ） , part of which may be multiple polluted by the fluoride, sulfate, arsenic, halohydroearbon and hardness. The main composition of the total hardness in water was carbonate hardness （60% - 80% ）. The content of calcium hardness （ ≥70% ） is over that of magnesium hardness evidently. According to the results of the water quality characteristic, hardness composition and operational cost, pharmacy soften method was considered as the most suitable method to remove the hardness, but it needs further improvement and optimization.