共振呼吸反馈训练对射击运动员心率变异性及压力应对和情绪调节的影响

The Effect of Resonant Breathing Biofeedback on Heart Rate Variability as well as Stress Response and Emotion Regulation of Shooting Athletes

目的:探讨共振呼吸反馈训练对运动员压力调节和情绪的影响。方法:将30名射击运动员随机分为实验组(15名:男7人,女8人)和对照组(15名:男8人,女7人),对实验组运动员实施4周的共振呼吸反馈训练干预,对照组则无任何干预。对训练前后运动员的心率变异性指标[总功率(TP)、高频段功率(HF)、低频段功率(LF)]、心理指标[简式心境状态量表(POMS)]、血清皮质醇指标进行比较分析。结果:共振呼吸反馈训练后,实验组运动员TP(P<0.05)、LF(P<0.01)与训练前相比均显著增加,紧张量表得分(P<0.05)、疲劳量表得分(P<0.05)、抑郁量表得分(P<0.01)和血清皮质醇水平(P<0.05)与训练前相比均显著下降。心率变异性指标、心理指标和血清皮质醇指标未见性别差异(P>0.05),但训练后男运动员的疲劳量表得分低于训练前水平,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组女运动员血清皮质醇水平低于训练前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:共振呼吸反馈训练能够改善运动员的心理和生理状态,帮助运动员更好应对压力,改善紧张和抑郁情绪,缓解疲劳,是进行自我管理的有效工具,可以作为运动员日常的心理监测和长期的心理训练手段。

Objective To investigate whether resonant breathing biofeedback had effects on athletes’ stress control and emotion. Methods Thirty shooting athletes from one training center in Shanghai wereselected and randomly divided into an experimental group（7 males and 8 females） and a control group（8 males and 7 females）. The experimental group received the resonant breathing biofeedback trainingfor 4 weeks,while the control group was not given any intervention. The heart rate variability（HRV） in-cluding the total power（TP）,high frequency（HF） and low frequency（LF）,psychological status andblood cortisol were tested before and after the training. Results After the resonant breathing biofeed-back training,significant increase was observed in the TP and LF（P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）,while signifi-cant decrease was found in the average scores of the tension scale（P〈0.05）,fatigue scale（P〈0.05）,de-pression scale（P〈0.01） and blood cortisol level（P〈0.05） of the experimental group. There was no sig-nificant gender difference in HRV indexes,psychological index and blood cortisol index（P〉0.05）,butthe average fatigue scale score of the male athletes in the experimental group decreased significantly af-ter the training. Moreover,the average blood cortisol level of the female athletes in the experimentalgroup also decreased significantly compared to before the training（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The resonant breathing biofeedback training can improve the psychological and physiological state of athletes. It’s aneffective tool for self-management which helps athletes to relieve stress,depression and fatigue. It canbe used as a part of athletes’ daily psychological monitoring and long-term psychological training.