吸力式基础设计（英文）

Design of suction foundations

目的:吸力式基础具有投资费用低、施工时间短、无噪音和可重复使用等优点,因此被广泛应用在海洋工程领域。本文针对吸力式基础设计中的关键问题,主要综述现有设计理论,指出理论缺陷,并给出设计建议。创新点:综述砂土、粘土和成层土中吸力式基础的安装、回收、基础承载力、基础沉降和服役性能中的关键科学问题和现有设计理论。方法:1.基于文献报道的现场试验和模型试验,针对吸力式基础安装过程中的沉贯阻力、临界吸力和土塞效应,评估现有设计理论的准确性;2.分析粘土和砂土中吸力式基础的完全排水、完全不排水和部分排水条件下静力和循环承载力计算理论;3.针对吸力式基础的长期服役性能,分析荷载引起的基础变形、固结沉降、循环再固结沉降和极端荷载下的"棘轮效应"。结论:1.现有的吸力式基础安装中沉贯阻力计算理论没有普适性;对于临界吸力的计算,由于没有考虑"土拱效应",理论计算值均低估了安装吸力。2.对于粘土中吸力式基础承载力的计算需要考虑循环作用下土体的强度弱化和基础-土间空隙引起的承载力降低,而砂土中基础承载力计算需要考虑排水条件的影响。3.对于吸力式基础的长期服役性能,特别是基础变形的计算,目前还缺少成熟的计算理论。

Suction foundations have been deployed in the last three decades in a growing number of offshore developments, for bottom-fixed and floating structures, in shallow and deep waters, many of them successfully. Suction foundations, traditionally used as anchors and jacket foundations in the oil and gas industry, are now also used in the offshore renewable （wind） industry, e.g. for monopods, tripods, and jackets. When technically feasible, suction foundations are often cheaper than pile foundations. Ad- ditionally, their installation is relatively noise-free and, by applying overpressure, they can be removed during decommissioning. This paper focuses on the more complex design issues and some pitfalls related to suction foundation design. Additionally design practices and recommendations for suction caisson design, including installation and extraction feasibility, foundation resistance, settlements and response in sand, clay and layered soil profiles, will be presented for basic understanding.