中国特色社会主义对世界经济体系的影响

The Influence of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics on the World Economic System

在列宁的影响下,沃勒斯坦的世界体系理论将世界经济划分为三个部分:核心、半边缘和边缘。但随着中国等新兴经济体的发展,这个模型已难以充分解释世界经济体系的新变化。改革开放以来,中国的发展经历了三个阶段:边缘依附阶段、维持竞争共生阶段和新均衡阶段。在第一阶段,以美国为首的工业化核心国家奉行全球霸权主义,中国作为一个新兴经济体只是劳动密集型制造业的提供者;在第二阶段,中国和西方在经济上处于维持竞争与相互依存的关系;在当前的第三阶段,以中国和俄罗斯为代表的新兴国家对国家主权利益的强化和地区性协作组织的建立,形成了相对自主的政治经济体系,成为一种与主导性核心力量互动的"半核心"力量。当前的关键在于,在保持世界经济体系重要经济力量的同时,寻求一种更具合作性的社会主义发展道路。

Lenin＇ s understanding of the world economy had influenced Immanuel Wallerstein＇ s interpretations of the world capitalism. Wallerstein divided the world economy into three sectors： core, semi-periphery and periphery. But with the development of rising economic powers like China, this model has been difficult to fully explain the new changes in the world economic system. This paper suggests three phases in the post- reform evolution of China： peripheral dependence, sustainable interdependence and countervailing power. In the first phase, the industrialized core led by the USA asserted global hegemony and China as a rising economic power became a provider of labour- intensive manufactures. The second phase was one of sustainable economic interdependence which involved market competition with Western companies. In the current and third phase, the assertion of national state power and the setting-up of regional associations have created relatively autonomous political and economic formations. These developments have given rise to a new social formation, a semi-core, which interacts with the dominant core. The current challenge is to provide an alternative-a more cooperative and socialist form of society while remaining a major economic power in the world system.