1973年以来黄河三角洲形态与入海水沙通量关系研究

Relationship between the shape of the Yellow River delta and the runoff-sediment flux Since 1973

黄河是世界上著名的多沙河流,每年携带数亿吨泥沙经黄河三角洲入海。为了分析黄河三角洲面积与入海水沙通量关系,选取1973-2016年41景影像资料,借助ARCGIS 10.2得到研究区域面积,并把三角洲分割成河口地区与北部河滩地区进行研究。最后结合利津站水沙资料,通过SPSS数据分析软件,分析黄河入海水沙、黄河三角洲及其各区域随时间变化情况,并进一步探讨入海水沙与河口年造陆面积之间的关系。研究结果表明：河口地区年造陆面积与入海年输沙量之间具有显著正相关性。由于黄河中游一系列生态环境工程建设,使黄河水沙通量总体呈减少趋势,其中输沙量减少尤为显著,2015年利津站年输沙量比1973年减少97.5%。随着泥沙锐减,黄河三角洲及河口面积已由增大转为减小,转折点在1998年;人工固岸工程对控制三角洲北部河滩面积的稳定具有重要意义。此外,调水调沙依旧不能改变年造陆面积减小的趋势。

The Yellow River is famous for its high sediment flux in the world. Several hundred million tons of sediment are carried into the sea through the Yellow River delta each year. In order to analyze the relationship between the Yellow River delta area and the runoff-sediment flux. the remote sensing images on the Yellow River delta in 1973-2016 are collected by ARCGIS 10. 2. Finally combined with the runoff-sediment data of Lijin hydrological station,the runoff-sediment flux of the Yellow River,the Yellow River Delta area,the Yellow River Estuary area and the North River Bank area were studied by data analysis software. The relationship between the runoff-sediment flux of the Yellow River and the speed of land formation in the Yellow River Estuary were explored. Results show that there is a significant correlation between the land form speed of the Yellow River Estuary and runoff-sediment flux of the Yellow River. Because of a series of ecological environment construction in the middle reach of the Yellow River,the runoff-sediment flux generally showed a trend of decrease,especially sediment flux. In 2015,the sediment flux at Lijin hydrological station is reduced by97. 5% than 1973. With the serious reduce of sediment flux,the Yellow River Delta area and the Yellow River Estuary area were variation from increase to decrease,and the turning point was in 1998. Coastal zone protection projects is great significance to protect the North River Bank. Water and sediment regulation in the Yellow River can＇t change the decrease trend of the land form speed.