埋土防寒区葡萄不同越冬措施的防风沙效应风洞试验研究

Study on wind erosion control of grapes by different methods in wind tunnel experiments

冬春两季的葡萄传统栽培方式需埋土防寒,导致地表裸露破坏,易引发风蚀。分析了模拟冬季埋土措施的起垄处理和可降解液态地膜防寒措施对葡萄园土壤风蚀作用的影响及葡萄枝条风障的防风效能。结果表明,埋土起垄对葡萄园土壤风蚀具有加剧作用;喷涂可降解液态地膜形成薄膜对葡萄园土壤风蚀具有保护作用;葡萄枝条风障的防风效能在不同位置、不同高度处有明显差异。葡萄枝条风障主要对10-40 cm高度范围以及迎风侧的枝条模型高度至背风侧5倍枝条模型高度范围风速有明显降低效果。该研究可为埋土防寒期葡萄园土壤的风蚀防治提供理论支持与技术参考。

A wind tunnel experiment was used to simulate the effects of three methods on the soil erosion in the viticulture regions,including influences of wind erosion of three methods as traditional grape soil-burying overwintering,biodegradable liquid film and a new training system called crawled cordon training（ CCT） with the shoots of vines on the wires after pruning in the winter. Results show that traditional grape soil-burying overwintering could increase soil wind erosion. Compared with untreated controls,at the same wind speed,the wind erosion increased significantly in the treatment of traditional grape soil-burying. There was a significant reduce of soil wind erosion by spraying of biodegradable liquid film. The wind prevention effect of grape shoots treatment showed significant differences at different positions and different heights. The grape shoots treatment could decrease the wind speed in vineyards within the range of 10 ~ 40 cm height and at the windward side of the one height of branch model,and the leeward side of five height region. This study can provide a theoretical support and technical reference for the prevention and control of soil erosion in viticulture regions.