从水力学经验公式看泥沙运动基本理论的发展

Development of basic theory of sediment transport from the perspective of the role by empirical formula in hydraulics

水力学理论的学科发展是由数学推导为主导和以实验及经验公式工程应用为主导共同推动的结果,经验公式是水力学学科的重要组成部分。不应因为泥沙运动学科存在较多的经验公式、半经验半理论公式,而认为泥沙运动学科缺少理论或理论不完美。认为唯有严格的数学推导才能体现泥沙运动学科理论完美的观点恐怕过于理想。在学科发展的某些节点问题上,需要实验和经验公式发挥主导作用。与水力学相比,泥沙运动理论中的经验公式的适用范围还有待拓展,期待不久的将来能出现物理概念清晰、适用范围广、精度高的泥沙运动计算公式。

Experiment is one of the two predominant drivers that push the theories of hydraulics to move forward in alternation with mathematical derivation,empirical formula based on experiment also make an important component in hydraulics. Science of sediment transport cannot be regarded as less theoretical or imperfectly theorized just because there are numbers of empirical or semi-empirical formula. On the contrary,the viewpoint that only strict mathematical derivation makes perfect theoretical system in the science of sediment transport is over idealistic. In fact,both experiment and empirical formula play an leading role at some important steps of the subject. However,compared with hydraulics,the applicable scope of empirical formula in the theory of sediment transport needs to be further expanded by developing equations with sound physical background and high precision in the future.