骨髓间充质干细胞成肌分化在骨骼肌再生中的应用

Application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with myogenic differentiation in skeletal muscle regeneration

骨骼肌良好的再生能力是由于肌卫星细胞的存在,然而肌卫星细胞的数量仅占骨骼肌细胞数量的1﹪～5﹪,当肌肉损伤时,仅依靠这些卫星细胞还不足以促进骨骼肌修复与再生,并且这种再生能力会随着年龄的增大而衰减,并不能修复损伤严重的骨骼肌。骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)因其多向分化潜能,旁分泌潜能,免疫调节能力及容易获取等特点广泛用于损伤骨骼肌的修复与再生。但在某种程度上,仅仅采用BMS C治疗损伤的骨骼肌仍不能达到满意的效果。因此,大量研究采用药物、生物材料、细胞及细胞因子对BMSC进行预处理不仅可改善它的移植率,还可显著促进其向骨骼肌分化,从而最大限度的发掘骨骼肌间充质干细胞的成肌分化潜能以促进骨骼肌的修复。因此,本篇综述旨在概括BMSC成肌分化在骨骼肌再生中的应用。

Muscle satellite cells contribute mainly to the strong regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle. However, the number of satellite cells only accounts for 1﹪ ~ 5 ﹪ of the number of skeletal muscle cells. When muscles are injured, the satellite cells are inadequate to promote skeletal muscle repair and regeneration. Additionally, its regenerative ability would diminish with aging, and it cannot repair severely injured skeletal muscles. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSC） are widely used in the repair and regeneration of injured skeletal muscle due to their multi-directional differentiation potential, paracrine potential, immunomodulatory capacity and easy accessibility. However, the use of BMSC alone to treat injured skeletal muscle cannot achieve satisfactory outcomes. Therefore, to maximize the myogenic differentiation potential of BMSC and to facilitate skeletal muscle repair and regeneration, numerous studies used drugs, biological materials, cells and cytokines to pretreat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells before transplant. The results showed not only improvement of the implantation rate of BMSC, but promotion of the differentiation of BMSC into skeletal muscle. This review aims to summarize the application of BMSC with myogenic differentiation in skeletal muscle regeneration.