孟学视域下的朱熹经权统一观念比较析论

Comparative Analysis of ZhuXi's Unified Concept of Tradeoffs and Rules in the View of Mencius

"经"与"权"的价值取舍问题内在地包含了孟学思想最基本、最核心的伦理问题。朱熹的经权观念相较于孟子更加多维和理性,主要体现在两个层面:一方面他以"道贯经权"的方式消解"经"与"权"的对立面,使二者在"道"的范畴之内和谐统一;另一方面,就"经""权"本身所具有的相对关系而言,朱熹注意到二者在"时"的作用下会交互变通,甚至"经"可以是已定之"权","权"可以视为未定之"经",二者能够因"时"辩证。但这样的辩证并没有使朱熹陷入毫无原则的相对主义,他在肯定"权"具合理性的同时依然把"经"放在第一位,他使"常"与"变"皆合于"理",而每令"经"为"常",以"权"为"变",将两者辩证统一于道体之中。

The value judgment for trade-off between ＂ Jing＂ and ＂ Quan＂ implies the core ethical issues of Mencius. Zhu Xi＇s concept of ＂ Jing＂ and ＂ Quan＂ is more multidimensional and rational than that of Mencius.On the one hand,he dispels the opposite of ＂ Jing＂ and ＂ Quan＂ in the way of ＂ Taoism＂ and makes them harmonious and unified. On the other hand,as far as the relative relationship between ＂ Jing＂ and ＂ Quan＂ itself is concerned,Zhu Xi has noticed that the two can interact with each other,and even the ＂ Jing＂ can be defined as ＂ Quan＂ and the ＂ Quan＂ can be regarded as an undetermined ＂ scripture＂. However,such dialectical relationship did not place Zhu Xi into an unprincipled relativism. While he affirmed the rationality of the ＂ Quan＂.