2种树形‘赤霞珠’葡萄^(13)C和^(15)N吸收分配规律研究

The absorption and distribution of ^(13)C and ^(15)N in grapevine with two different training shapes

以7年生‘赤霞珠’葡萄为试材,运用^(13)C和^(15)N标记技术,分别标记单干单臂树形和直立龙干树形距离主干最近和最远的新梢叶片,研究不同树形之间的碳氮营养吸收分配规律。结果表明:无论是单干单臂树形还是直立龙干树形,标记新梢的叶片固定和吸收碳氮营养大部分用于自身新梢的建设(73.49%～98.59%),剩余的向外运输。单干单臂树形标记新梢叶片制造的碳氮营养优先向水平方向上距离其较近的新梢分配,而直立龙干树形的碳氮营养具有极性分配特征,即上部新梢叶片制造的碳氮营养优先向下部新梢分配,中间新梢截留的碳氮营养少,分别是下部新梢的69.84%和75.61%。无论哪种树形均以标记新梢上的葡萄果实获得的^(13)C和^(15)N分配比率较高,其他未标记的新梢上果实获得的^(13)C、^(15)N分配比率很低。综合来看,以标准一致的树形有利于碳氮营养的均衡分配。

Seven-year old ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ were used as materials, leaves of the nearest and farthest shoot of vertical-trunk training and horizontal-trunk training were labeled with ^13C and ^15N to study the absorption and distribution pattern. The results showed that the nitrogen and carbon absorbed were most used for their own shoot growth（73.49%-98.59%）, and the left nitrogen and carbon mainly flowed to the shoot near to the labeled shoot in horizontal-trunk training plants, while the left nitrogen and carbon had polar transport characteristic, the nitrogen and carbon absorbed by the upper shoots mainly flowed to the lower shoots, and the middle shoots got less, which was 69.84% and 75.61% of the lower shoots. The grape berries of the labeled shoots got more nitrogen and carbon, and the grape berries of the other shoots got less nitrogen and carbon. In conclusion, the standard training shape was better for keeping the balance of nitrogen and carbon in different shoots.