河南新乡地区牛弓形虫感染情况及危险因素分析

Analysis of seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in Xinxiang,Henan Province

目的了解新乡地区牛弓形虫感染情况及其危险因素。方法采用间接血凝法(indirect haemagglutination assay,IHA)对新乡地区2015-2016年采集的牛血样进行弓形虫抗体检测。用SPSS 18.0统计分析年份间及各危险因素的差异。结果新乡地区牛弓形虫血清阳性率为16.3%(109/670),其中2015年和2016年牛弓形虫血清阳性率分别为15.1%(48/317)和17.3%(61/353),年份间弓形虫血清阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.561,P>0.05);牛弓形虫感染的危险因素中,猫出现次数的多少(χ2=41.962,P<0.05)、是否接触鼠类(χ2=34.839,P<0.05)、消毒次数的多少(χ2=24.168,P<0.05)、有无流产史(χ2=213.53,P<0.05)和磺胺类药物的使用与否之间(χ2=77.074,P<0.05)差异有统计学意义。结论新乡地区牛弓形虫感染普遍存在,猫多次出现、接触鼠类、消毒次数少、有流产史和未使用磺胺类药物等因素对牛感染弓形虫有影响。

Objective To assess seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in Xinxiang, Henan Province. Methods Blood samples were collected from 2015 to 2016, serum antibodies were tested by indirect haemagglutination assay（IHA）. Results The antibody positive rates to Toxoplasma gondii was 16.3% （109/670）, and 15.1% （48/ 317） in 2015, 17.3%（61/353）in 2016, respectively. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of Toxoplasma gondii among years（X^2 =0.561, P〉0.05）. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle varied with frequencies of exposure to cats（X^2 =41.962, P〈0.05）, rats（X^2 =34.839, P〈0.05）, frequency of disinfection（X^2=24.168, P〈0.05）, abortions history of cows （X^2=213.53, P〈0.05） and unused sulfonamides （X^2 =77.074, P〈0.05）. The differences were statistically significant. Conclusion Infection with Toxoplasma gondii in cattle is widespread in Xinxiang, and associated with factors such as ： frequencies of exposure to cats, rats, frequency of disinfection, abortions history of cows and unused sulfonamides.