认知障碍治疗现况

Current status of treatment of cognitive disorders

认知障碍是神经系统变性疾病、脑血管疾病等并发的关于认识、感知的障碍性疾病，严重影响着老年人的健康及生活质量。文章总结近十年关于认知障碍治疗的国内外相关研究，发现盐酸多奈哌齐是目前临床上使用最多的用于治疗药物，其他还有美金刚、抗精神行为异常药物、促智药、血管扩张药等，在我国还辅以中药、针灸等治疗，靶向药物、多靶点药物治疗及免疫治疗正在研究之中，有望从多个作用机制更好地控制疾病进展，非药物治疗也越来越受到临床的重视。

Cognitive impairment is a cognitive and perceptual disorder caused with neurodegenerative diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, which seriously affects the health and quality of life of the elderly. This article summarizes domestic and international studies on the treatment of cognitive disorders in the past decade and has found that donepezil hydrochloride is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of cognitive disorders in clinic. Others include memantine, antipsychotic drugs, intellectual stimulation and vasodilators, etc. In China, targeted drugs, multi-targeted drug therapies and irnmunotherapy, supplemented with Chinese medicine, acupuncture and other treatment are under study, and it is expected that disease progression will be better controlled by multiple mechanisms of action. Non-drug therapy is also receiving more and more clinical attention.