马克思主义创始人的近代中国认知和中西学人的多元回应

The Marxism Founder's Recognition of Modern China and Responses from Both Eastern and Western Scholars

两次鸦片战争期间,马克思和恩格斯强烈谴责了英、法等西方列强的野蛮侵华行径,而对中国人民在极其恶劣的物质和精神条件下的顽强抗争,则给予了深切同情和道义声援。1920-1930年代发生于中国知识界和思想界的"问题与主义"、"科学与玄学"和"马克思主义中国化"等重大思想论战,是在不同学派、党派各自的理解语境下,对传入中国的马克思主义理论学说的众声鸣和,客观上促进了迥异于自由主义和保守主义的马克思主义在中国的广泛传播、落地生根和开花结果。相较于马克思关于近代中国发展道路及其动力、阻力等的客观观察和精辟分析,基于西方本位主义的费正清等人的近代中国观察及其结论,委实显得捉襟见肘或相形见绌。

During the two Opium Wars, Marx and Engels condemned western countries＇ brutal invasion in China and expressed their sincere sympathy and support for Chinese people＇s perseverant struggle in such harsh condition. The controversy on thoughts in the 1920s and 30s, such as ＂problem and doctrine＂, ＂science and metaphysics＂ and ＂sinicization of Marxism＂, was a large-scale discussion about Marxism, which promoted its wide spread and accomplishment in China. Compared with John King Fairbank＇s observation on modern China which was based on west-oriented ideology and subjectivity, Marx＇s perspective and analysis of Chinese development in modern times was much more objective and profound.