人工遗传改造生命体的防逃逸技术研究进展

Research Progress in Biocontainment of Genetically Modified Organisms

随着合成生物学相关研究的快速发展,被各种遗传技术改良的生命系统在工业、农业、健康和环境等领域的应用正在快速增长.但这些人工遗传改造生命体的泄露或者非受控繁殖可能会对生态环境产生重大危害.为了解决这些人工生命体的环境逃逸和基因转移问题,已有研究关注如何将人工遗传改造的生命体限制于受控的环境中.从三方面简要介绍人工遗传改造生命体防逃逸技术的研究进展:包括(1)传统的防逃逸策略,(2)遗传中心法则的正交化设计策略,和(3)复杂基因网络调控策略.这些防逃逸技术的进一步发展和完善将有利于推动人工改造或全新设计的生命体更广泛的应用.

With the rapid progress of synthetic biology and other related filed, there is a continuous growth of the applications of genetically modified organisms in many aspects, including industry, agriculture, health and environment. However, unintended release or uncontrolled propagation of these genetically modified organisms may cause significant side effects to the nature ecological environment. In order to eradicate the escaping problem and horizontal gene transfer between artificial and natural organisms, many researches have been focused on how to limit genetically modified organisms to a controlled environment. The research progress of biocontainment of genetically modified organisms mainly from three aspects of traditional biocontainment strategies, the orthogonalization of central dogma and the design of complex genetic networks is highlighted. It is believed that the advanced biocontainment technology would promote the further application of synthetic biology.