鼠李糖基转移酶研究进展

Research Progress of Rhamnosyltransferase

鼠李糖基化属于糖基化反应的一种,是化合物结构修饰及有机合成中广泛涉及到的一类反应.鼠李糖基转移酶是生物体中催化这一类反应的酶,能够将活性鼠李糖基从核苷糖转移到特定受体.这类酶广泛存在于自然界中,参与次生代谢产物的生成,并在生物体的结构组成及多种生理功能中发挥重要的作用.而且,得益于酶催化鼠李糖基化的特异性强、反应条件温和、环境友好等优点,其往往成为化学催化的有力补充,在有机化学合成及苷化修饰中发挥越来越重要的作用.对植物及微生物来源的鼠李糖基转移酶从酶催化功能、蛋白三维结构、鼠李糖基供体合成、酶催化底物杂泛性以及其在催化合成中的应用等方面进行了综述,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望.

Rhamnosylation is an important type of glycosylation reaction which is widely involved in organic synthesis and structural modification of natural products. In vivo, rhamnosylation is catalyzed by rhamnosyltransferase that transferred the active rhamnosyl donors to the specific sugar acceptors. A larger number of rhamnosyltransferases have been identified in natural and they often played key roles in the biosynthesis of diverse natural products as well as maintaining the cell structure and physiological functions of biological organisms. Besides, enzymatic rhamnosylation has been an effective complementary method to chemical catalysis in the field of organic glycosylation modifications due to its high catalysis efficiency and specificity, mild reaction conditions as well as environment friendship and so on. In this article, research progresses of rhamnosyltransferase are reviewed based on their enzymatic functions, three dimensional structure investigations, rhamnosyl donors＇ synthesis, enzymatic catalysis promiscuities, and biochemical catalysis applications. Finally, the future development and application of them are also prospected.