骨转化标志物在骨转移瘤中的研究进展

Research progress of bone turnover markers in bone metastasis

骨转移是恶性肿瘤常见的并发症,常见于乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、肾癌和甲状腺癌,因骨骼含大量细胞因子,且骨髓腔血供丰富,因此癌细胞更易于向骨骼转移、筑巢和增殖。骨转移的发生常导致患者生活质量的下降和生存周期的缩短,引起骨痛、病理性骨折、脊髓压迫、高钙血症等骨相关事件,大幅降低了患者日常活动能力,并增加其患抑郁、焦虑的风险。

Distant metastasis is a common complication of advanced malignant tumors. Bone is the third most common site for metastatic disease, and the most common site for distant metastasis. With the development of medical technology, the survival of patients with malignant tumors has been extended to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the incidence of bone metastasis has gradually increased. Skeletal related events reduced patients＇ quality of life and increased social economic burden. Nowadays, early diagnosis and digital assessment are essential for personalized treatment of bone metastases. However, the existing diagnosis technology which puts forward the requirements of the new level towards the tumor diagnosis and evaluation strategies cannot meet all the needs of clinical doctors. Thus, bone turnover makers have become one of the global hotspots recently. In the bone metastasis, the dynamic changes of bone turnover makers can be used to assess the general situation and microenvironment of the bone. Bone turnover makers can be used to evaluate and predict the bone metastasis of the malignant tumor. This paper focuses on the bone turnover makers of breast cancer, prostate carcinoma, lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma and thyroid cancer. The paper published in the latest three years were summarized and analyzed. The review on the current understanding of the development of bone metastasis and the latest research results of bone turnover makers was given. BTM in different malignant tumors at gene and protein peptide levels were summarized, the potential value of BTM in clinical applications was given and further research directions on BTM was analyzed.