假象、算法囚徒与权利让渡:数据与算法时代的新风险

Illusion,Prisoner of Algorithm,and Transfer of Rights: The New Risks in the Age of Data and Algorithm

数据与算法的应用,扩张了人的能力,但也带来了很多新问题与新风险。客观性数据可能成为后真相的另一种推手,因为数据生产环节的偏差可能导致客观性数据堆积成的假象,数据分析也可能成为客观事物的干扰因素。个性化算法虽然带来了个人信息服务水平的提升,但也可能在几个方面将人们围困:一是信息茧房的围困,二是算法中的偏见或歧视对人们社会资源与位置的限制,三是算法在幸福的名义下对人们的无形操纵。数据时代个体面临的另一个风险,是相关权利保护受到更多挑战,特别是在隐私权和被遗忘权方面。要对抗这些风险,需要完善数据方面的基础建设,包括数据素养的培养、数据"基础设施"的建设、数据质量评估体系以及信息伦理规范的建立等。

The application of data analysis and algorithm largely expands human ability,but also results in a series of new problems and risks.This paper discusses three major issues.Firstly,in the post-truth time,misuse of data may produce more obstacles to truth seeking.Secondly,algorithms which aim to provide customised information or services to individuals may also enhance information cocoons or prejudices,and convenience and happiness brought by algorithms may lead to self-loss of people.Thirdly,there are many new challenges in protection of the right of privacy and the right to be forgotten.Prevention of these risks in data age should be based on construction of some ＂infrastructure＂,including data literacy,data resources,evaluation system of data quality and information ethic,and etc.