新中国成立初期(1949-1953)反官僚主义的地方实践——以上海为例

Local Practice of Anti-bureaucracy in the Early Days of PRC(1949-1953)——Take Shanghai as an Example

反官僚主义是中国共产党政权建设的重要内容。作为新中国最具执政挑战的城市之一,上海党政工作人员的官僚主义问题在接管后便呈现出早发、多发的特点,以至于新政府在执政的第二年就开始了反官僚主义的斗争,并接连进行了"三反"、"新三反"共三轮阶段性政治运动。一般认为,中国共产党全面执政后最早的反官僚主义斗争始于中共八大之后,而本质上,"三反"和"新三反"中所反对的贪污、浪费、命令主义和违法乱纪均属于官僚主义的表现或结果,因此,它们都是反官僚主义的斗争。除了阶段性政治运动,上海还辅以构建党群联系渠道、完善信访制度等常态化措施,四年时间里便形成了防范、治理和追责三位一体的反官僚主义模式,为当时的上海打造了一个风清气正的政治环境。

Anti-bureaucracy is an important part of the construction of the Chinese Communist regime.Since Shanghai posed the biggest challenge of governance in the People＇s Republic of China,the bureaucratic problems of party and government workers in Shanghai were characterised by premature emergence and multiple appearances in the four years after the takeover,so that the new government began its anti-bureaucratic struggle in the second year,and successively carried out three stages of the＂three-anti＂and ＂new three-anti＂political campaigns.It is generally believed that the earliest antibureaucratic struggle started when the CPC came into full-scale control after the Eighth CPC National Congress.This study believes that the embezzlement,waste,order,and law-breaking issues which oppose to the ＂three-anti＂and ＂new three-anti＂are bureaucratic manifestations.Therefore,they are essentially anti-bureaucratic struggles.In addition to the staged political campaign,Shanghai was supplemented by normalised measures such as establishing channels of communication between the party and the masses and improving the system of letters and visits.In the four years,an anti-bureaucratic model of prevention,governance and accountability was formed which created a positive political environment in Shanghai.