凉山彝族自治州学龄前儿童过敏性湿疹的环境影响因素研究

Study on environmental influencing factors of allergic eczema among preschool children in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture

目的探讨凉山彝族自治州学龄前儿童过敏性湿疹的环境影响因素,为后期进行预防干预措施提供依据。方法选取2015年5月-2016年5月四川省凉山州第一人民医院儿科患过敏性湿疹的1～6岁学龄前儿童470例和没有湿疹患病史的儿童486例,采用自行设计的问卷进行调查,采用SPSS 17. 0进行统计学分析。结果儿童年龄越小,湿疹发病风险越低(OR=0. 67,95%CI=0. 50～0. 91)。有过敏性疾病家族史(OR=2. 80,95%CI=1. 90～4. 14)、房屋通风不良(OR=3. 75,95%CI=2. 82～5. 00)、房屋类型为公寓(OR=1. 50,95%CI=1. 12～1. 99)、衣物或被褥受潮(OR=1. 69,95%CI=1. 21～2. 3)、住所发现蟑螂(OR=2. 26,95%CI=1. 69～3. 01)、孩子出生前后房屋进行过装修(OR=1. 49,95%CI=1. 09～2. 0)和家里有时/从不打扫(OR=2. 37,95%CI=1. 60～3. 51)是患过敏性湿疹的危险因素。结论有过敏性湿疹家族史、房屋通风不良、住宅类型为公寓、衣物或被褥受潮、发现蟑螂和家里有时/从不打扫、孩子出生前后房屋进行过装修都是儿童患过敏性湿疹的危险因素。

Objective To explore the environmental influencing factors of allergic eczema among preschool children in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,provide a basis for further prevention and intervention of allergic eczema. Methods From May 2015 to May 2016,470 preschool children aged 1-6 years old with allergic eczema and 486 preschool children without allergic eczema history were selected from Department of Pediatrics,the First People＇s Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire,SPSS 17. 0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The lower age was,the lower risk of allergic eczema was（ OR = 0. 67,95%CI = 0. 50-0. 91）. Family history of allergic diseases（ OR = 2. 80,95% CI = 1. 90-4. 14）,insufficient ventilation of house（ OR = 3. 75,95% CI = 2. 82-5. 00）,living in apartment（ OR = 1. 50,95% CI = 1. 12-1. 99）,damp clothes or bedding（ OR = 1. 69,95% CI = 1. 21-2. 3）,cockroach found in house（ OR = 2. 26,95% CI = 1. 69-3. 01）,house decoration before and after birth of the child（ OR = 1. 49,95% CI = 1. 09-2. 0）,and not cleaning the house（ OR = 2. 37,95% CI = 1. 60-3. 51） were risk factors of allergic eczema in children.Conclusion Family history of allergic diseases,insufficient ventilation of house,living in apartment,damp clothes or bedding,cockroach found in house,house decoration before and after birth of the child,and not cleaning the house are risk factors of allergic eczema in children.