火星取样钻探技术分析

Study on Mars Sample Drilling Technology

火星探测一直是人类空间探测的热点。"好奇号"火星车着陆6年多来,先后完成了16次取样钻探,为人类探测火星提供了直接依据。本文根据NASA(美国国家航空航天局)公开的技术资料,围绕取样钻探的设计要求、取样钻探系统结构设计及接触式稳定系统、辅助结构系统、压力和回转传递系统、封闭保护壳(稳定器)系统、钻头系统、转盘系统、主动轴系统和冲击钻进系统等展开了论述。系统设计主要结合智能化、模块化、轻量化要求开展,并先后经过12次的室内联动测试,完成了同火星车的岩屑运移、样品处理分析、数据存储、仪器控制等系统的高度集成,并通过机械臂完成了搭载试验。由于火星取样钻探的首次尝试和NASA的技术保密原因,论文阐述的相关内容仅作为我国开展火星取样钻探研究和地球深部智能钻探研究的参考。

Mars exploration has always been a hot spot in human space exploration. The “Curious” Mars Rover has been landing for more than six years, and it has completed 16 drilling samplings, providing a direct basis for humans to recognize Mars. This paper is based on the technical data published by NASA （National Aeronautics and Space Administration）, around the design requirements of sampling drilling, sampling drilling system structural design and contact stability system, auxiliary structural system, pressure and rotary transmission system, closed protective shell （stabilizer） systems, rotary drill systems, turntable systems, drive shaft systems, and impact drilling systems have been discussed. The system design is mainly combined with intelligent, modular and lightweight requirements. After 12 times of indoor linkage testing, it has completed the high integration of the cuttings, processing analysis, data storage and instrument control of the Mars. The carrying test was completed by the robot arm. Due to the first attempt of Mars sampling drilling and the technical confidentiality of NASA, the relevant content of the paper is only used as a reference for study on Mars sampling drilling and deep earth intelligent drilling in China.