微营养评定法在老年住院患者营养管理中的应用

Application of micro-nutrient assessment in nutrition management of elderly inpatients

目的探讨微营养评定法(MNA)在老年住院患者营养管理中的应用效果。方法选择某院2016年6月至2017年5月收治的老年住院患者382例,均采用MNA进行营养评价,根据评价结果将其分为营养良好组、营养不良风险组和营养不良组,比较三组营养指标[血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(ALB)、血清总蛋白(TP)]水平,并对营养不良组患者进行营养干预,比较干预前后患者Hb、ALB、TP水平以及MNA评分。结果 382例老年住院患者中营养良好组比例为26.96%,营养不良风险组比例为50.79%,营养不良组比例为22.25%。营养良好组Hb、ALB、TP水平均明显高于营养不良风险组和营养不良组干预前,营养不良风险组Hb、ALB、TP水平均明显高于营养不良组干预前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);营养不良组干预后Hb、ALB、TP水平较干预前均明显上升(P<0.05);营养不良组干预后人体测量、整体情况、膳食问卷、主观评定和总分均较干预前明显上升(P <0.05)。结论 MNA可有效评估老年住院患者营养状况,根据其评估结果对营养不良组患者进行营养干预,有利于提高患者营养水平。

Objective To explore the application effects of micro-nutrient assessment （MNA） in nutrition manage-ment of elderly inpatients.Methods 382 elderly inpatients admitted toa hospital from June 2016 to May 2017 wereselected and given MNA.According to the assessment results, they were divided into good nutrition group, poor nutri-tion risk group and malnutrition group.The nutrition indexes [hemoglobin （Hb）, albumin （ALB） and serum total protein（TP）] were compared among the three groups and nutritional intervention was given to the malnutrition group.TheHb, ALB, TP levels and MNA score were compared before and after intervention.Results Among the 382 elderly in-patients, the proportions of good nutrition group, poor nutrition risk group and the malnutrition group were 26.96%,50.79%2 and 22.25% respectively.The levels of Hb, ALB and TP of the good nutrition group were significantly high-er than those of the poor nutrition risk group and the malnutrition group（before the intervention） and the levels of thepoor nutrition risk group were significantly higher than those in the malnutrition group（before the intervention） and thedifference showed statistical significance（ 〈0.05）.The levels of Hb, ALB and TP of the malnutrition group signifi-cantly increased after the intervention compared with those before the intervention and the difference showed statisticalsignificance（ 〈0.05）.The scores of body measurements, overall situation, dietary questionnaire and subjective assess-ment and the total score of the malnutrition group were significantly higher than those before the intervention（ 〈0.05）.Conclusion MNA can effectively assess the nutritional status of elderly inpatients.Following the assessment re-sults, nutrition intervention for the malnutrition group can help to improve nutrition level.