带洞口的箱板式钢结构模块单元抗震性能试验研究

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF BOX-TYPE STEEL STRUCTURE MODULE WITH OPENINGS

前期有限元分析和试验研究表明，箱板式钢结构空间模块单元具有良好的抗震性能。实际工程中，由于建筑的使用功能需求，在箱板结构的墙体上需要开设门洞或窗洞。为此分别选取了典型门窗洞口的尺寸，设计制作了2个带洞口的三层单开间箱板式钢结构空间模块单元试件，并进行了拟静力加载试验。研究了试件的破坏过程、破坏模式、承载力、滞回性能等，重点分析了不同开洞面积和洞口位置对空间模块单元抗震性能的影响。研究表明：洞口的存在改变了试件的破坏模式，试件破坏始于洞口角部撕裂，最终破坏时试件四角撕裂或压屈；洞口位置对试件破坏模式也有影响，即开有窗洞的试件三层屈曲比较均匀，而开有门洞的试件拉力带主要发生在上层和下层。与无洞口试件相比，洞口的存在会降低试件的初始刚度和承载力；在后续加载过程中，有洞口试件的延性性能也有所提高；洞口面积越大，其承载力越低，而延性越好，耗能系数越大；最后提出了箱板式钢结构模块单元结构的设计建议。

The preliminary finite element analysis and experimental study indicate that the box-type steel structure space module units have good seismic behavior. In the practical projects, openings on the wall of box-type steel structure are required in order to meet the functional demands of the buildings. Therefore, the sizes of typical window or door openings were selected for the box-type steel structure; then the design and production of two three-layer single box-type steel structure space modules with openings were conducted; and the quasi-static test was carried out. In this experiment, the failure process, failure mode, bearing capacity and hysteretic performance of the specimen were explored. Especially, the influence of different areas and positions of openings on the seismic behavior of space modules was emphatically analyzed. The study showed that openings had changed the failure mode of the specimens ： the failure of the specimen began with the tearing of the opening corner; the four corners of the specimen were tearing or bending when the specimen was finally destroyed ; the location of the opening had an influence on the failure mode of the specimen, namely, the buckling of three layers of the specimen with window openings was relatively well-distributed, while the tensile belt of the specimen with openings mainly appeared in the upper and lower layers. Compared with the non-opening specimen, the existence of the opening could reduce the initial stiffness and bearing capacity. In the subsequent loading process, the ductility performance of the specimen with openings was improved. The larger the opening area was, the lower the bearing capacity was; the higher the ductility was, the greater the coefficient of energy dissipation was. The design suggestions of the box-type steel structure module unit structure were put forward for the engineering design reference.