司法人工智能的中国进程:功能替代与结构强化

China's Process of Judicial Artificial Intelligence:Function Substitution and Structure Enhancement

司法人工智能在中国的兴起源于市场与官方的双重驱动。市场化的特质在于无论其是否对社会发展有利,只要有利可图便可推动运作。而官方的推动是因为人工智能能够解决司法体制改革中的诸多表象问题,也即官方对司法人工智能赋予了能够解决问题、对司法改革有助益的功能预期。根据莫顿的理论,对功能项进行功能分析时,必须明确功能项有所助益的单位,而且要能够分清功能项的显性功能与隐性功能、正功能与反功能等。虽然司法人工智能具有解决司法体制改革中出现问题的显性功能和正功能,也即替代改革后的司法体制解决问题,但是在结构上产生了强化司法体制改革所欲改革的既有结构的隐性功能和反功能。在中国,司法工作中引入人工智能的前提条件必须以促进与推动司法体制改革为原则,否则就会产生扭曲、阻碍甚至消解司法体制改革的反功能。

The rise of judicial artificial intelligence in China has been driven by the market and the government.The characteristic of marketization means that as long as the judicial artificial intelligence is profitable,it will be promoted without considering whether it is beneficial to social development or not.The reason why the government promotes the development of artificial intelligence is that it can solve many apparent problems in the reform of the judicial system,that is,the government has expected judicial artificial intelligence to undertake the function of solving problems and being beneficial to the judicial reform.According to R.Merton＇s theory,in the functional analysis of a function item,it is necessary to clarify the unit subserved by the function,and to be able to make a clear distinction between manifest function and latent function,between function and dysfunction.Although the judicial artificial intelligence has the manifest function and the function of solving the problems in the reform of the judicial system,that is,it replaces the reformed judicial system to solve the problems,it has the latent function and dysfunction of strengthening the existing structure that the reform of the judicial system wants to reform.Therefore,in China,the premise of introducing artificial intelligence in the judicial work is that the artificial intelligence must promote the reform of the judicial system.Otherwise,it will cause the dysfunction of distorting,impeding or even dissolving the reform of the judicial system.