抗战期间中共太行根据地小学教员生存样态探微——以襄垣县为中心

Study on the Living Conditions of Primary School Teachers in Taihang Base Area of the Chinese Communist Party during the Anti-Japanese War:Centering on Xiangyuan County

抗战期间,中共制定了以抗日救国为目标的教育方针,并积极为之施行新制度和新课程。然而从战时革命要求规约下的基础教育实况考察,总体教育方针往往屈从于各地的现实需要。在此背景下,因从教环境、智识水平、薪金报酬、个人升迁等因素之影响,小学教员的从业态度各异,并呈现出生存样态的多歧。抗战期间根据地小学教员的人生境遇,反映出现代知识分子在特定时空下的复杂心态,而此种心态不仅影响着各该从业旨趣,还形塑了下一代及其后人。

During the Anti-Japanese war, the CCP formulated the educational guideline aimed at resisting Japan and saving the nation,and pursuant to this guideline, it adopted new system and new curriculum. However, based on the actual investigation of primary education under the revolutionary requirements of wartime China, we find that the overall educational guideline was often subject to the practical needs of different places. In this background, primary school teachers were affected by factors such as teaching environment, intellectual level, salary and renumeration, and personal promotion. Thus, they showed different attitudes towards their work and displayed different statuses of existence. The living experiences of primary school teachers in the base areas during the Anti-Japanese war reflected the complicated mentality of modern intellectuals in a specific time and space. This mentality not only affected the purport of each profession,but also shaped the next generation and their descendants.