贵州省农村贫困人口状况与脱贫路径分析

Analysis on the Situation of Poor Rural Population and Poverty Alleviation Path in Guizhou Province

贵州省属于22个国家扶贫开发工作重点省份之一,同时也是全国贫困人口最多、贫困问题最为复杂、少数民族贫困人口数量最多的省份之一。本文以六枝、水城、西秀、普安、金沙、播州和印江七个县的1061户贫困户为研究对象,基于人地关系理论,从贫困县、贫困村和贫困人口三个不同尺度对农村贫困现状进行分析。分析发现,贵州省农村贫困人口数量多、收入低、贫困程度深;农村贫困人口受教育程度低,自身发展动力不足;农村医疗卫生水平低,社会保障机制体制不健全;同时,因病致贫目前是农村贫困人口贫困的主要因素。因此,建议农村地区实施精准扶贫战略和"五个一批"脱贫措施;继续加大产业结构调整和科技投入;继续提高医疗卫生水平,完善社会保障机制体制。

Guizhou province is one of the 22 key provinces in national poverty alleviation and development work, and it is also one of the provinces with the largest number of impoverished population, the most complicated poverty problem and the largest number of impoverished population of ethnic minorities. In this paper, 1,061 poor households in the seven counties of Liuzhi, Shuicheng, Xixiu, Puan,Jinsha, Bozhou and Yinjiang were studied. Based on the theory of human-land relations, the current situation of rural poverty was analyzed from three different scales： poor county, poor village and poor population. The analysis found that Guizhou has a large number of rural poor,a low income and a deep poverty level; Rural poor people suffer from low education level and lack of impetus for their own development;Rural medical and health level is low, social security mechanism system is not perfect; At the same time, poverty caused by disease is now the main factor of poverty of rural poor population. Therefore, it is suggested to implement the targeted poverty alleviation strategy and ＂five one one batch＂ measures to alleviate poverty in rural areas. We will continue to increase industrial restructuring and investment in science and technology. We will continue to improve medical and health care and improve the social security system.