成都市流浪精神病患者现状分析

Analysis of status quo of vagrant psychiatric patients in Chengdu

目的对成都市流浪精神病患者现状进行调查分析,为流浪精神病患者救助管理和政策制定提供参考。方法对2015-2017年医院收治的1015例流浪精神病患者进行回顾性分析。结果成都市流浪精神病患者中,年龄21～40岁者占59.11%、初中及以下文化程度者占75.57%,非本籍患者占68.57%;流浪精神病患者大多为精神分裂症,因言行紊乱由救助站送入住院,治疗后大部分好转,被救助站接走,亲属接走的比列仅占13.50%。流浪精神病患者中,合并的躯体疾病的占49.16%。在所有躯体疾病中,传染性疾病占比最高,为34.27%,其中乙肝的患病率为6.00%,丙肝为1.97%,梅毒为4.93%,艾滋病为2.76%,结核为0.89%。结论成都市流浪精神病患者大多是精神分裂症患者,以非本籍患者为主,且传染病患病率高。因此,应加强此类患者的救助、管理,减少患者流浪,并在救助站、医疗机构等建立完善的登记和病历系统,切实保障患者得到及时、准确的医疗援助,防止传染病的传播扩散。

Objective To analyze the status quo of vagrant psychiatric patients in Chengdu to provide reference for relief management and policy formulation for vagrant psychiatric patients. Methods A total of 1,015 vagrant psychiatric patients admitted to our hospital during 2015-2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the vagrant psychiatric patients in Chengdu, the patients aged 21-40 accounted for 59.11%, the patients with an education background of junior high school or below accounted for 75.57%, and the non-native patients accounted for 68.57%. Most of the vagrant psychiatric patients had schizophrenia and were sent by rescue station into hospital due to disorder words and deeds; most of them were improved and picked up by rescue station, and only 13.50% were picked up by relatives. Among these vagrant psychiatric patients, 49.16% of them were complicated with physical diseases. In all physical diseases, infectious diseases accounted for the highest proportion, 34.27%, including 6.00% for hepatitis B, 1.97% for Hepatitis C, 4.93% for syphilis, 2.76% for acquired immune deficiency syndrome （AIDS） and 0.89% for tuberculosis. Conclusion Most of the vagrant psychiatric patients in Chengdu have schizophrenia, are non-native and have high incidence of infectious diseases. Therefore, these patients should be rescued and managed in a strengthened manner to reduce vagrancy. A complete system of registration and medical records should be established at rescue stations and medical institutions to effectively ensure that patients can receive timely and accurate medical assistance and prevent the spread of infectious diseases.