被动改变与主动调适——基于华北A村住所变迁的人类学分析

Passive Change and Proactive Adjustment - An Anthropological Analysis Based on the Change of Residence in Village A in Northern China

住所是人类文明发展的重要体现,是人类文化的重要内容。随着乡村社会经济面貌、生计方式、婚姻消费、家庭规模、社会心理等方面的变迁,华北A村住所的模式、功能、用料、观念也发生了极大改变。这是农民积极适应社会变迁的结果。因此,在乡村社会转型过程中,农民虽然被动的受到现代化和城市化的影响,却并非完全被动的做出反应,而是主动地进行调适,从而不断适应社会变迁。鉴于此,在乡村社会研究中,我们不仅要分析社会结构及其各个要素之间的关系,更要注重个体在社会中的主动选择和调适。

Residence is an important embodiment of the development of human civilization and animportant part of human culture. With the changes in the socio-economic aspects of rural society,livelihoods, marriage consumption, family size, and social psychology, patterns, functions, materials, andconcepts of residences in a Northern China Village have also changed dramatically. This is the result of thepeasants′ efforts to adapt to social changes. Therefore, in the process of rural social transformation, althoughfarmers are passively affected by modernization and urbanization, they are not completely passive inresponding, but are actively adjusting and adapting to changes in society. In view of this, in the study ofrural society, we must not only analyze the relationship between social structure and its various elements,but also focus on the individual′s active choice and adjustment in society.