中国对美出口产品质量阶梯测度及影响因素研究

The Research on Quality Ladder Measurement and Influencing Factors Analysis of China's Exports to US

本文使用基于Khandelwal(2010)的嵌套Logit模型,利用CEPII-BACI数据库1999-2014年中国对美国出口数据,测算了中国26个制造业行业对美出口产品的质量以及质量阶梯。研究结果显示,中国对美制造业出口产品的质量阶梯在考察期内发生了一定的变化,而且不同行业间质量阶梯存在明显的差异性。与Khandelwal(2010)中美国制造业产品质量阶梯相比,两国既存在互补性也存在相似性。人力资本和对外开放程度与质量阶梯负相关,有利于质量阶梯的提升,而资本密度与质量阶梯之间存在正相关关系,研发密度与质量阶梯的关系不明确,同时这些影响因素在不同类型行业中又存在着一定的差异。文章最后为进一步提高我国对美制造业出口质量提出了相关建议。

Taking advantage of the nested Logit model developed by Khandelwal （2010）, this paper estimates the quality and quality ladder of China＇s 26 manufacturing industries to the United States by using 1999-2014 Chinese export data from CEPII-BACI database. The results show that the quality ladder of China＇s manufacturing export products has undergone a certain change during the period of investigation, and there are obvious differences in the quality ladder among different industries.Compared with the quality ladder of American manufacturing products in Khandelwal （2010）, the two countries are of complementarity and similarity simultaneously. The human capital and the degree of opening to the outside world is negatively related to the quality ladder, which is beneficial to the upgrading of the quality ladder, while there is a positive correlation between the capital density and the quality ladder, and the relationship between R ＆ D density and quality ladder is ambiguous. Moreover, these factors have differences effects in different types of industries. At the end of the paper, some suggestions are put forward to further improve the quality of manufacturing export to US.