某废弃厂房和建筑用地表层土壤中重金属的健康风险初探

A preliminary study on health risk of heavy metals in surface soil of an abandoned factory and construction land

以某废弃厂房和建筑用地作为研究对象,分析土壤样品中6种重金属元素(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、Ni)含量,并对废弃厂房转为敏感用地可能带来的生态及健康风险进行评估.结果表明,6种重金属在两地的污染程度由大到小为Cd、Ni、Zn、Cr、Cu、Pb,综合污染指数显示两个地区整体呈现重度污染.除废弃厂房Cd、Ni和建筑用地Cd存在高生态风险外,其他重金属生态风险均很低.人体健康风险评价结果显示,两地区6种重金属的非致癌风险指数HQ均小于1,但若长期处于这种环境,可能会产生一定的影响.对于3种致癌重金属经呼吸吸入致癌风险而言,其致癌风险指数远小于10^(-6),即风险可以忽略.

Taking an abandoned factory and construction land as the research objects,six heavy metal elements （Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni） in soil samples were analyzed, and the ecological and health risks of the conversion from abandoned factory to sensitive land were assessed. The results showed that the order from high to low of the pollution degree of the six heavy metals in both places was Cd,Ni,Zn,Cr,Cu,Pb. The comprehensive pollution index showed that the two areas all belonged to severe pollution. Except Cd and Ni of the abandoned factory and Cd of construction land are high ecological risks, the ecological risk of other heavy metals is very low. The results of human health risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic risk index Q H of the 6 heavy metals in the two regions was less than 1,but if people are in this environment for a long time, it may have a certain effect on their health. For three kinds of carcinogenic heavy metals through inhalation carcinogenic risk, the carcinogenic risk index is much less than 10 -6 , which means that the risk could be ignored.