营商环境与工业全要素生产率——基于中国省区1994—2014年工业行业面板数据的实证分析

Business Environment and Industrial Total Factor Productivity: An Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data of Provincial Industrial Sectors in 1994—2014

新时代下营商环境对工业生产的影响力与日俱增,从工业创新的影响因素入手,引入营商环境,展开地区和行业的交叉研究。首先,借鉴索罗经济增长函数,对中国省区1999—2014年23个工业行业采用固定效用模型,测算区域工业全要素生产率。其次,通过面板数据模型控制人力资本、研发投入等因素,进行营商环境对全要素生产率影响分析。结果表明,营商环境在全国样本以及东部、中部、西部地区样本中对工业全要素生产率的影响显著,对于东北和东北重工业还未发挥明显作用。研发投入对工业全要素生产率影响为负,且地区间不存在差异,但对重工业的阻碍作用明显。人力资本和市场化程度无论是在区域角度还是轻重工业分类研究中都发挥积极作用。而外资利用程度在全国工业口径和轻工业分析中存在阻碍作用。政府干预程度对东北重工业的影响效果与全行业回归一致,显著为负。所以,工业全要素生产率的提高需要分地区和多因素的综合考量。

In the new era, the influence of the business environment on industrial production is increasing day by day. This article starts with the influencing factors of industrial innovation, introduces the business environment and conducts cross-sectional research on region and industry. First, using the Solow＇s economic growth function, a fixed effects model was applied to 23 industrial sectors in China＇s provinces from 1999 to 2014 to measure the total factor productivity of regional industries. Second, regional and industry research on the influence of the business environment on total factor productivity is conducted through a panel data model. The business environment has a significant impact on industrial total factor productivity in the national range and in the eastern, central and western regions. The impact of R＆D investment on total factor productivity in industry is negative and there is no difference among regions, but the hindrance to heavy industry is obvious. Both the human capital and marketization play an active role in both different regions and sector industries. FDI is an obstacle for industry and light industry development. The effect of government intervention on the heavy industry in Northeast China is consistent with industry in China, which is significantly negative. Therefore, the improvement of industrial total factor productivity requires a comprehensive consideration from the multi-factors based on different regions.