综合医院住院患者心理障碍的护理措施探讨

Nursing measures for mental disorders of inpatients in general hospital

目的探讨综合医院住院患者焦虑抑郁的影响因素及护理措施。方法选取2013年1月～2014年12月我院住院患者746例作为调查研究对象,采用自编的一般情况调查表及医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)对住院患者进行一般资料和焦虑抑郁调查研究。结果住院患者护理后心理障碍阳性率明显较护理前降低,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),HAD测评焦虑、抑郁与SAS及SDS测评一致性非常好(两种诊断方法的吻合系数k=0.861,P=0.000),两种诊断结果差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);Logistic多因素分析显示:女性患者、年龄≥40岁、文化程度在初中及以下、婚姻状况(分居、离异及丧偶)、家庭氛围差、经济状况差、住院费用自费、有焦虑抑郁家族史及健康状况差均是住院患者焦虑抑郁的易感因素。结论综合医院住院患者焦虑抑郁心理障碍影响因素较多,需制定有效的心理护理措施,以利于患者全面治疗并提高其生活质量。

Objective To explore the influencing factors and nursing measures for the anxiety and depression of the inpatients in the general hospital. Methods Seven hundred and forty-six cases of hospitalized patients in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 were selected as the research object. The self-designed general situation questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale（HAD）, Self Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS） and Self Rating Depression Scale（SDS） were used to investigate the general information and anxiety and depression for hospitalized patients. Results The positive rate of mental disorder after nursing in hospitalized patients was obviously lower than that before nursing（P 〈0.05）, HAD assessment of anxiety and depression and SAS and SDS test were in good agreement（the anastomosis coefficient of two diagnostic methods k=0.861, P=0.000）, there was no significant difference in the difference between the two types of diagnosis（P 〉0.05）; The Logistic multi factor analysis showed： Female patients, 40 years of age or older, the degree of culture was in junior middle school and below, marital status （separation, divorce and widowed）, poor family atmosphere, poor economic situation, self charge for hospitalization expenses, family history of anxiety and depression and poor health were the susceptibility factors of anxiety and depression in hospitalized patients. Conclusion The psychological disorder of anxiety and depression of inpatients in general hospital was influenced by many factors, It was necessary to formulate effective psychological nursing measures to improve the overall treatment effect and the quality of life of the patients.