中国“三北”防护林工程建设现状及思考

Current Situation of And Reflection on China's “Three-North” Shelter Forest Program

1978年11月,为了治理生态恶化,带动经济发展,党中央、国务院作出了在我国西北、东北、华北地区实施"三北"防护林工程建设的重大战略决策。40年来,"三北"防护林建设取得了令人瞩目的巨大成就。生态方面,"三北"地区沙化土地和沙化程度呈现双降趋势,荒漠化面积逐渐减少。同时,水土流失和土壤侵蚀得到极大改善,区域内的河流淤泥量得到减轻。经济方面,随着风沙灾害、水土流失的减少,粮食产量得到了极大的提高。同时,由于用材林、薪炭林和经济林的建设,林业产量呈现了翻番增长,也带动了林副产品的发展。生态文明方面,极大地推动了林业知识的普及和林业教育的发展,提高了我国生态文明的国际地位。但是由于经验的缺乏和自然条件等因素限制,工程建设也产生了不少的问题。例如,由于"三北"地区薄弱的经济基础以及物价的上涨等因素,工程建设所需资金的缺口逐渐增大。此外,由于恶劣的自然环境,病虫害以及干预失当等原因造成的林地退化也逐渐严重。因此,后续的工程建设必须要拓宽资金渠道,加大资金投入;必须要加强林地修复,改造退化林地;同时要加强科技创新,提高技术支撑。

In November 1978, in order to control the ecological deterioration and promote economic development, the Party- Central Committee and the State Council made a major strategic decision for the implementation of the ＂Three North＂ Shelter Forest Program in northwest, northeast and north China. In the past 40 years, the program has made remarkable achievements. In temls of ecology, the ecological environment of the ＂Three North＂ region has been greatly improved. The desertification has shown a double downward trend in coverage and degree. The desertification areas have gradually decreased. Meanwhile, the phenomena of soil erosion have been greatly changed with river sludge reduced. In terms of economy, the grain yield has improved greatly due to the reduction of wind and sand disasters and soil erosion. Besides, for the vigorous development of timber forests, firewood forests and economic forests, the forestry output in the region has doubled, which has also promoted the forest by products development and the economic development of the ＂Three North＂ region. In terms of ecological civilization, it has greatly promoted forestry knowledge popularization and forestry education, which has improved the international status of China＇s ecological civilization. However, due to lack of experience and restrictions of natural conditions, there are also many problems in the program implementation. For example, due to the weak economic foundation of the ＂Three North＂ region and the rising prices, the funding gap is widening gradually. In addition, forest degradation has also become more serious due to poor natural environment, plant diseases and insect pests, and improper intervention. Therefore, it is essential to expand funding resources and increase investment for the follow-up project construction so as to strengthen the restoration of forest land and transformation of the degraded forest land. In the meantime, scientific and technological innovation should be strengthened to improve technical support.