轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的悬架定位参数优化分析

Optimization analysis of suspension positioning parameters for wheel hub motor drives electric vehicles

针对轮毂电机驱动电动汽车由非簧载质量大而引起的平顺性问题,通过增加车轮的质量进行仿真实验验证非簧质量增大确实会影响轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的平顺性。为改善轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的平顺性,通过多体动力学仿真软件ADAMS/Car建立某汽车的整车模型并对其进行平顺性仿真分析,建立的整车模型仿真实验主要由前后车轮、前后悬架、转向系统以及四柱实验台等组成。通过选取适当悬架的硬点坐标作为优化变量,以影响悬架的前束角、主销内倾角、外倾角、主销后倾角等定位参数变化范围作为优化目标。通过仿真实验可以看出,优化后的外倾角、前束角等影响悬架的定位角参数的变化优于优化前,从而使得悬架的综合性能达到最佳。结果表明,优化之后的悬架硬点坐标可以有效地改善轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的平顺性。

The paper is aimed at the poor ride comfort caused by the large unsprung mass of the in-wheel motor driven electric vehicle. It is verified that the increase of unsprung mass will indeed affect the ride comfort of inwheel motor driving electric vehicles through a simulation experiment in which the mass of the wheel is increased. In order to improve the ride comfort of this kind of vehicles, the whole vehicle model is established with ADAMS/Car, a multi-body dynamic simulation software, and then the ride comfort is analyzed. The simulation experiment of the established whole vehicle model is mainly composed of the front and rear wheels,front and rear suspensions, steering system and four-column test bench. By taking the hard-point coordinates of the proper suspension as the optimization variables, the change range of the alignment parameters such as the toe angle, kingpin inclination angle, camber angle and kingpin caster angle that affect the suspension is taken as the optimization target. Through the simulation experiment, it is evident that the variation of the optimized alignment angle parameters that influence the suspension, such as camber angle and toe angle, is better than that before the optimization, so that the overall performance of the suspension after optimization can be optimal. The results also show that the hard point coordinates of the suspension after the optimization can effectively improve the ride comfort of in-wheel motor driving electric vehicles.