抑制剂在氨氧化微生物研究中的应用

Application of inhibitors in research of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms

在氨氧化微生物的相关研究中经常使用各类抑制剂,包括针对硝化作用的抑制剂和针对微生物生长的抑制剂。自发现氨氧化古菌以来,人们在氨氧化细菌抑制剂的基础上重新筛选和使用不同的抑制剂来满足氨氧化微生物研究的需求。抑制剂既可以加速氨氧化古菌的富集,也可以帮助研究者区分古菌与细菌对硝化作用的贡献以及它们自身合成代谢能力的差别。本文综述了各类抑制剂的使用浓度和抑制效果,包括双氰胺(DCD)、3,4-二甲基吡啶磷酸盐(DMPP)、丙烯基硫脲(ATU)等传统抑制剂,乙炔和辛炔等炔烃类抑制剂,一氧化氮清除剂以及抗生素等对氨氧化微生物的活性和生长有特异性或通用抑制能力的抑制剂。通过对氨氧化微生物抑制剂的归纳总结,可为氨氧化微生物研究过程中抑制剂的选择提供参考。

A variety of inhibitors are commonly used in related research on ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, including inhibitors for nitrification and inhibitors against microbial growth. Since the discovery of ammonia-oxidizing archaea, researchers have re-screened different inhibitors to meet the needs of the study of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms. Inhibitors both accelerate the enrichment of archaea, and help researchers to distinguish between archaea and bacteria for their contribution to nitrification and their own anabolic potential. In this paper, the concentrations and inhibitory effects of various inhibitors were reviewed, including traditional inhibitors, like dicyandiamide, 3,4-dimethylpyridine phosphate, and allylthiourea; alkyne inhibitors such as 1-octyne; nitric oxide scavengers and antibiotics. These inhibitors are specific or versatile in their ability to inhibit the activity and growth of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms. By summarizing these inhibitors, we hope to provide a reference for the choice of inhibitor in the research of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms.