青少年吸烟行为的干预策略

Intervention strategies for adolescent smoking behavior

烟草使用是导致全球可预防死亡的首要死因。我国是世界上最大的烟草生产和消费国,烟草使用所带来的死亡和疾病负担将日益扩大。针对青少年采取各种干预措施,一方面可预防青少年吸烟行为的发生进而降低整个人群的吸烟率,另一方面可通过推迟青少年开始吸烟年龄而提高成年后戒烟可能性,从而降低吸烟相关的死亡和疾病负担。青少年吸烟行为的干预策略大体可分为以学校为基础的干预策略和宏观政策干预策略两大类。前者主要有健康教育、社会影响、生活技能和认知发展这几种干预模式,后者包括禁止公共场所吸烟、禁止对未成年人售烟、禁止广告促销、卷烟包装上增加健康警语/警示图片以及提高烟税等。本文对各项干预策略的特点和效果评价进行综述,以期为我国青少年吸烟行为的干预研究和措施制定提供参考和依据。

Tobacco use is the leading global cause of preventable death. As the largest tobacco producer and con sumer around the world, China is facing increasing burden of death and disease brought about by tobacco use. In terventions for adolescents can prevent beginning of smoking among adolescents so as to reduce the smoking rate of the entire population. On the other hand, it can increase the likelihood of smoking cessation in adulthood by de laying the initial age of smoking, thereby reducing smoking related deaths and the burden of disease. Intervention strategies for adolescent smoking behavior can be broadly divided into two categories： school based intervention strategies and macro policy intervention strategies. The former mainly includes health education, social influence, life skills education and cognitive development. The latter includes restrictions on smoking in public places, pro hibiting the sale of cigarettes to minors, bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, adding warning labels/pictures on cigarette packages, and raising taxes on tobacco. This paper reviews the characteristics and effects of various intervention strategies in order to provide reference and basis for the intervention research and policy making on tobacco control among adolescents in China.