东莞市某劳动密集型企业员工心理资本与总体幸福感的关系

Relationship between psychological capital and general well-being among labor-intensive enterprise employees in Dongguan,China

目的调查东莞市劳动密集型企业员工的心理资本与总体幸福感现状,并探讨二者之间的关系。方法采用心理资本问卷(PCQ)及总体幸福感量表(GWB)对东莞市某劳动密集型企业的278名员工进行调查,并对数据进行统计分析。结果员工PCQ总分及其自我效能、希望、韧性、乐观各维度的得分分别为(103.03±14.19)分,(26.54±4.85)分,(26.26±4.87)分,(26.55±4.55)分和(23.68±2.82)分。男性在PCQ总分和自我效能维度上的得分明显高于女性(P<0.05);月收入为5 001～7 999元及8 000元以上员工的PCQ总分高于月收入为3 001～5 000元和3 000元以下员工(P<0.05);已婚员工的PCQ总分高于未婚员工(P<0.05)。不同年龄段及不同教育程度员工的PCQ总分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。员工的GWB总分为(72.53±11.74)分,30岁以上员工的GWB总分高于25岁以下以及25～30岁员工(P<0.05);月收入5 001～7 999元及8 000元以上员工的GWB总分高于月收入3 001～5 000元及3 000元以下员工(P<0.05);已婚员工的GWB总分高于未婚员工(P<0.05)。不同性别、不同教育程度员工GWB总分的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。心理资本与总体幸福感及其对生活的满足与兴趣、精力、抑郁或愉快的心境、对情感行为的控制、松弛与紧张各维度均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论东莞市劳动密集型企业员工的总体幸福感水平偏低,心理资本与总体幸福感呈显著正相关,企业可通过干预员工的心理资本来提升员工的总体幸福感。

Objective To investigate the psychological capital and general well being level as well as their potential association among labor intensive enterprise employees in Dongguan, China. Methods A total of 278 employees from a labor intensive enterprise in l）ongguan were surveyed using the Psychological Capital Questionnaire （PCQ） and the General Well Being Schedule （GWB）. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results The overall PCQ score in these employees was 103.03± 14.19, and the scores in dimensions of self efficacy, hope, re silience, and optimism were 26.54±4.85,26.26±4.87,26.55±4.55, and 23.68±2.83, respectively. The overall PCQ score and the self efficacy subscore in men were significantly higher than those in women （P〈0.05）. Hm ployees with a monthly income of 5 001 -7 999 RMB and 〉8 000 RMB had higher overall PCQ scores compared with employees with a monthly income of 3 001 -5 000 RMB and 〈3 000 RMB （P〈0.05）. The overall PCQ score was higher in married employees than that in unmarried employees （P 〈0.05）. The overall PCQ score did not vary significantly with age or educational background （P〉0.05）. The overall GWB score was 72.53±11.74, which was higher in employees aged over 30 compared with those aged below 25 and aged 25- 30（P〈0.05）. Hmployees with a monthly income of 5 001 -7 999 RMB and 〉8 000 RMB had higher overall GWB scores compared with employees with a monthly income of 3 001 -5 000 RMB and 〈3 000 RMB（P〈0.05）. The overall GWB score was higher in married employees than that in unmarried employees（P〈0.05）. The overall GWB score did not vary significantly with gender or educational background （P〉0.05）. Positive correlations were found between the psychological capital and the general well being as well as its dimensions, including life satisfaction and interest, energy, depressive or pleasurable mood, control of emotional behaviors, relaxation and tension （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Among labor intensive enterprise employees in Donggguan, the general well being level is relatively low and a significant positive correlation is observed between the psychological capital and the general well being. Enterprises may enhance the employees general well being by targeting their psychological capital.