论战国秦汉时期代地的历史文化地位——以交通史为视角的考察

On the Historical and Cultural Status of Daidi during the Warring Status Period and the Qin and Han Dynasties

战国秦汉时期"代地"区域概念的形成与其重要的交通战略地位密切相关。战国赵"灭中山"而"代道大通",代地开始形成较为完善的交通体系,"九门"代王城是一个极具代表性的物化缩影。在代地南向中原河东、河北的交通路线上,"句注""飞狐"成为战略要冲,前者甚至列入天下闻名的"九塞"。战国代地东西向交通道路成为著名的秦汉"北边道"的中段,对于翼护中原内地社会、北方民族关系走势发挥关键作用。代地是遭受游牧民族"寇掠"最为频繁的"北边"区域之一,也是汉族军队出塞的重要基地,这都与代地北向的民族交通格局紧密相关,由代地出塞至少存在"代—无穷—翰海""代—颓当城—单于庭"两条干道。对战国秦汉时期的代地进行交通史视阈下的解读,或可为其历史上的文化定位提供切实帮助。

The formation of Daidi regional concept during the Warring States,Qin and Han dynasties is closely related to its important traffic strategic position.After Zhao died of Zhongshan,Daidi began to form a relatively perfect transportation system.The Nine Gate is a very representative epitome of materialization.Gouzhu and Feihu are important nodes on south routes in Daidi,the former even made it into the word＇s famous nine fronter defence.During the Warring States period the east-west traffic road of Daidi became the central section of the famous northern road of the Qin and Han dynasties,which plays a key role in the relationship between northern and northern ethnic groups in the hinterland of the central plains.One of the areas in the north where Daidi suffers the most frequent ethnic banditry is also an important base for Han Chinese troops to go out of the fortress.All this is closely related to the northward ethnic traffic pattern in Daidi.There are at least two main roads form Daidi to the north,one is ＂Dai-Wuqiong-Hanhai＂,the other one is ＂Dai-Tuidangcheng-Chanyuting＂.The interpretation of Daidi from the perspective of traffic history may provide practical help for its cultural status in history.