金属玻璃的微结构、增韧与疲劳问题研究进展

Microstructure Model,Toughening and Fatigue of Metallic Glasses:A Review

金属玻璃具有许多不同于传统金属的独特性质,比如,强度高达6.0GPa、断裂韧性高达200 MPa·m^1/2、超高弹性极限2%、耐腐蚀、耐磨损等,从而受到了科学界和工业界的热捧.但是以下三个核心问题长期困扰着金属玻璃的研究与应用：一是建立非晶无序的微观结构与其宏观性质间的关联关系,二是改善其室温脆性,三是揭示其疲劳机制并提高疲劳极限.论文拟详细介绍上述三个问题的研究进展,首先简要介绍了金属玻璃的发展历史、形成机制、特性及应用、基本问题和难点,其次介绍金属玻璃的微结构表征方法、以及微结构的几种典型模型,第三介绍了金属玻璃的断裂和增韧研究进展,第四介绍金属玻璃疲劳研究进展,最后,展望了金属玻璃的未来研究.

Metallic glasses（MGs）,fabricated by a melt-quench method,possess many unique properties compared with conventional crystalline metals and alloys,including high fracture strength up to 6 GPa,high fracture toughness up to 200 MPa·m^1/2,large elastic limit（2%,the theoretical elastic limit）,good corrosion and wear resistance.These superior properties of MGs have attracted tremendous attention scientifically and industrially.However,the following three key problems hinder the applications of MGs：（1）the relationship between the atomic-scale structures and the physical properties of MGs;（2）enhancements in the ductility of MGs;（3）the fatigue mechanisms and improvement of the fatigue limit of MGs.In this review,we introduce the history,formation process,major properties and applications,challenges,structural characterizations,and atomic-scale structural models of MGs.Then,the deformation and fracture mechanisms of MGs and some strategies used to improve the ductility of MGs are also described in detail.Last but not least,we review the fatigue behaviors of MGs and provide proposals for future work in the field of MGs.