承灾脆弱性视角下的生态系统服务需求评估及供需空间匹配

Ecosystem services demand assessment regarding disaster vulnerability and supply-demand spatial matching

生态系统服务供需空间分布格局及匹配关系是生态系统服务领域的热点问题。将生态系统服务聚焦于增强城市系统承受自然灾害的能力和恢复力功能上,引入承灾脆弱性表征生态系统服务需求。选择首批经济特区之一的珠海市为案例研究区,土壤保持服务为供需分析的对象,利用承灾脆弱性评价城市系统及居民的服务需求并刻画需求的空间异质性,采用基于"3S技术"的In VEST模型定量评估服务供给潜力,从流域与镇、街道两种尺度分析生态系统服务供需匹配状况,以期为市级土地利用管理、景观格局优化及城市经济建设提供建议。研究结果表明:根据供需空间匹配状况,珠海市包含高供给高需求、低供给高需求、低供给低需求与高供给低需求四种供需匹配类型。珠海市土壤保持服务供需空间错位状况较为严重,人口密集的城镇区域需求极高但供给严重缺乏,部分生态源地的高供给无法惠及周边区域人口;兼顾经济建设与生态保护的高供给高需求地区仅占全域面积的8.7%;以农业导向且经济发展缓慢的低供给低需求地区分布较广。是对生态系统服务供给与需求的空间异质性刻画及供需空间匹配的重要尝试,为城市建设和生态管理提供参考。

The spatial distribution pattern and matching relationship of ecosystem service supply and demand are fundamental issues in the field of ecosystem services. Focusing on ecosystem services to enhance the ability of urban systems to withstand natural disasters and resilience functions, this paper introduced vulnerability to disaster-withstanding to evaluate the ecosystem service demand. Zhuhai City, one of the first special economic zones, was selected as the case study area. Soil conservation service was the focus of the supply and demand analysis. Vulnerability to disaster-withstanding was used to evaluate the demand of urban systems and residents and represented the spatial heterogeneity of demand. The INVEST model based on ＂3S technology＂ was used to quantitatively assess the supply potential. The matching state of ecosystem service supply and demand was analyzed on both watershed and town-street scales to provide suggestions for municipal land use management, landscape optimization, and urban economic construction. The results showed that according to the spatial matching of supply and demand, Zhuhai included high supply and high demand, low supply and high demand, low supply and low demand, and high supply and low demand. The spatial misalignment of supply and demand of soil conservation services in Zhuhai was considered relatively serious. The demand of densely populated urban areas was extremely high, but there was a serious lack of supply, whereas the high supply of some ecological sources could not benefit the population of surrounding areas. High supply and high demand areas, taking account of economic construction and ecological protection, only accounted for 8.7%. Low supply and low demand areas were widely distributed, which were agriculture-oriented with slow economies. This study was an important attempt to describe the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem service supply and demand and spatially match supply and demand, which provides a reference to urban construction and ecological management.