从丧挽行为看两晋士人的死亡审美化

On the Aestheticization of Death in Scholars' Elegy and Funeral in Jin Dynasty

两晋士人的趣味由汉末发展而来,呈现出独特的风尚,在对待死亡的态度上表现出审美化、艺术化的发展趋势。这直接突出地表现在士人丧挽行为上,特别是创作挽歌、欣赏挽歌、居丧、吊丧行为。两晋士人自作挽歌诗,从西晋时区别的、痛感的死亡体验到东晋时期对死亡的超越性审美,是一个死亡意象化的审美过程。在欣赏挽歌的独特嗜好及居丧、吊丧的怪诞行为中,东晋士人又进行了独特的审美体验,在当下瞬时的感受中获得了一念大千的情感永恒。这种审美化的进程,有赖于世俗化人生趣味和东晋形神观念的发展,而复归于庄子"至乐"的死亡审美观。

The taste of live of scholars in Jin dynasty developed from the end of Han dynasty and presented a unique fashion. The attitude toward death has shown the trend of aesthetic and artistic development. It reflects in scholars＇ elegy and funeral directly,especially the creation and appreciation of elegy. From the discriminating and painful experience of death in the Western Jin dynasty to the aesthetic appreciation of death in the Eastern Jin dynasty,scholars writing elegies for themselves is an aestheticization process. Through the special hobby of elegy appreciation and grotesque behaviors at funerals, scholars in the Eastern Jin dynasty have unique aesthetic experiences. This aesthetic process depends on the secularization of life interest and the development of concept of ＂the body and the spirit＂（形神）, and finally gets the state called ＂greatest happiness＂（至乐）in Zhuangzi.